How many of the ten design concepts of steel bonding do you know

In the construction of steel structure, it is necessary to consider the basic properties and technical characteristics of steel structure, and put forward the following necessary concepts for building healthy steel structure:

(1) The Lord acquires his place in an orderly manner. The construction of building steel structure engineering, from project approval, design, manufacturing, installation to completion application, must participate in many levels and many professional work, the key is building, structure, water supply, air conditioning, electrical, environmental protection, fire prevention and so on. Organization, harmony, arrange the work of the professions, make it very critical. In the work, although the work focus of each stage and the effect of each professional work are different, but from the overall consideration of architectural design, should be based on architecture, other aspects. Organized by architects to coordinate the professions, in which the coordination of architecture and structure is key.

(2) Owners make scientific decisions. The requirements and economic support of the construction project, that is, the owner is more clear and has more decision-making power. People-oriented, guided by the scientific concept of development and based on scientific practice are the prerequisites for the construction of projects (including steel structures); Otherwise, serious mistakes may be made. If we take the construction of results image project as the goal, blindly pursue speed, lack of feasibility demonstration, greed, worship foreign countries, curiosity, strange, and make architectural design decisions at all costs, it is impossible to build a healthy steel structure project.

(3) Strengthen the integration of leadership and professional groups. The social practice of steel structure shows that this is a collective activity, which depends on the need to organize relevant experts, engineering and technical personnel and employees in various aspects, and implement the integration of professional groups to learn from each other.

(4) Building core structure based. The requirements of construction projects determine the choice of guiding majors. The project of building construction depends on the dominance of the construction profession. Architectural metaphor, image, shape, space, lighting, flow, logistics, comfort, permeability, intelligence, environmental protection, fire prevention and other artistic and technical functions of the regulations and norms, all need the participation and core of the architectural profession. Away from the requirements of the building, its structure will be lost and the necessity of construction will be lost. The steel structure is the frame that supports the building. It should embody and match many aspects required by the building, such as space, shape, permeability, environmental protection, fire prevention, etc., and all professional equipment should be implemented into the structure. Therefore, it can be said that the structural profession is the contact point of the various professions, and the key lies in the connection with the architectural profession. Once the steel structure is built, its stable size is inseparable from whether the building is safe, suitable and durable in use. The damage of the steel structure will threaten the existence of the building and even cause devastating consequences. Therefore, steel structure is the basic premise of building stability. Without the support of the structure, the building would just be an attic in the sky, an illusory dream painting, or even a collapsed waste area.

(5) Overall application of design and construction. In the construction project, it is necessary to design, production and installation cooperation, and the necessity of application and maintenance, so as to achieve a better balance between the stability of the project and the social and economic benefits.

(6) Comprehensively improve the structural plan. The determination of steel structure design scheme shall include: structural type, system, material, connection and node. When improving the structure, we should pay attention to the structure type and system, and comprehensively consider the characteristics, specifications, connection methods and node schemes of the required materials, so that the structural system has reasonable force, feasible connection, possible construction, less hidden dangers and better benefits. Only to clarify the structural system as the goal, to the full stress as the standard, to the structure of the small amount of steel as the goal, not fully consider the type of structure, the scientific stress of the system, the feasibility of the connection structure, the construction process may exist in the major hidden dangers of one-sided improvement is not desirable. In particular, the engineering structure of "full stress" working under complex environmental conditions is very unsuitable. The stress conditions of steel structures in complex environment, especially welded heavy steel structures, are very complex and diverse. Field welding and installation connections can produce severe short - and long-range residual stresses, the dimensions of which are not easy to remove and estimate, and there may be significant undiscovered defects and hidden dangers. Once part of the structure is damaged, it will endanger the whole and even cause devastating consequences.

(7) Progressive damage may occur. Steel structures are structures made of the same material, especially welded structures, with strong continuity, and the continuous expansion of partial cracks can lead to rupture or damage to the overall structure. Due to material selection, manufacturing, installation and other reasons, some shortcomings in steel structure are inevitable, if not stopped, its harmful consequences are serious. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the environmental impact damage and avoid countermeasures for the main engineering steel structure to ensure the safety and durability of the structure.

(8) The difference between strong and weak structural safety. Steel structure is an engineering construction composed of components, component connection and installation. In order to ensure the normal operation of the whole structure, especially in extreme environments, such as earthquakes, it can be ensured that "small earthquakes do not break", "medium earthquakes can be repaired", "big earthquakes do not fall" in the grasp of the safety and reliability of structural design, it is necessary to strive to achieve "four weak, four strong" : weak beam, strong column; Pull rod is weak, pressure rod is strong; Component is weak, node is strong; Plate, piece weak, strong connection. This is because the damage of the beam and the tensile member is often greater than that of the column, and the damage of the compression member has a large plastic development space. The damage effect of nodes connecting multiple components is greater than that of a single component. In the joints, the force of the parts allows the development of large deformation, while the deformation development of welds, bolts and other connections is relatively small, and the damage often leads to the disintegration of the joints, involving multiple plates, invalid parts, and even jeopardizing the overall safety of the structure. In addition, the safety dimensions of components working in different steels and different positions should also be different in design. For example, the design safety of structures such as tension cable structures should be greater than that of non-prestressed steel structures consisting of rigid rods of ordinary steel.

(9) Mutual respect for PK unity. Although each specialty has its own master and subordinate in the construction work, each specialty has its own unique scientific laws. Taking steel structure as an example, commonly used steel can not exceed the current technical strength of steel production; Manufacture and installation shall be possible; The structural system should bear all possible effects, and adapt to the regularity of effects, so that its structure has the scientific force; The connection method and node structure should ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. In harmonious work, one is the core, the other is fundamental, and the two key professional jobs that need to be coordinated are often very difficult and the relationship is tense. However, mutual respect, PK, understanding, integration of the concept, will be able to find a satisfactory way to solve the problem, in order to create high-quality projects to play their strengths. For example, in order to express a certain artistic idea, a building needs a scattered and chaotic layout of components; The design of the support structure must be the law of component layout, the structure has reasonable force and ensures reliability. This requires communication, understanding, integration, and unity, and architectural decoration components and key structural stress components are divided and combined, which may have better results. Unilateral decisions cannot change the implementation practices of other types of work, and even if they can be implemented, they are often not conducive to the construction of healthy steel structures. Consider reliability, not efficiency; Take into account efficiency, not reliable; Or even both.

10) Pool your wisdom and work hard to solve key problems. The characteristics and technical characteristics of steel structure show that it must have a considerable number of people and many levels of professional and technical personnel to participate in order to complete. In order to adapt to major new construction projects, we often need to study commonly used new materials, new processes, new technologies and new structures, and refer to successful experiences at home and abroad to overcome some technical difficulties. Therefore, in order to build a healthy steel structure, especially the original high-quality steel structure project, in addition to mastering its characteristics and technical characteristics, it is necessary to integrate professional groups, concentrate wisdom, and easily overcome technical difficulties to ensure the smooth development of the project.